傕x鲁偟y昛岒偟y偄傞傢偗偱偡偑丄傗偼傝≈R〖僾斊眶 9佷偱昛偟偨偄偺偑媞澓 偱偟x丅偝傜庐偔丄赖偟偔偡傞悢彋偼偄偺偱偟x乆
Linux 偺僱僢僩R〖僋懹墙偼丄僨僼͙O僩偱晹傕"僠儏〖僯儞僌"偟y 偄偄榏擭偱傕傝动蜗偱偡丅偦傟鈻湝晹傕偡傞涩懨偑偄傕偟傟偣傫丅 偟偟戃偟y偄偨傎偳鲁偑偍傕傢偟偔偄崤孿丄偳偙b玛偑偁傞嵽墙漟偑 偁傝偡丅"旝摌"娕傪錃傟傞傛傝傕傗偭y傒傞嶤栆偑偁傞傕 偟傟偣傫丅
y傕偍偍偞偭傁誊墱偱偡偑丄R络戃庐刨 偼渏㑤傝偡丅偙傟偼攔櫷搉偁傞 DSLAM 傜偺调违焊曮偝傟偡丅
喈0-12 K ft ?0-3.6 km) 喈- 2000 Kbps or more (8100 max for ADSL)
12-16 K ft (3.6-4.6 km) - 1500 Kbps -> 1000 Kbps
16-18 K ft (4.6-5.4 km) - 1200 Kbps -> 512 Kbps
18-?? K ft (5.4-?? km)?nbsp;- 喈512 Kbps -> ?28 Kbps or less :(
偄偢傟偟y傕丄读傪涂偊傞Û偊傜傟傞懨朤偼偨偔偝傫偁傝偡丅 敡崳棇 DSL 偼偙偺Y傗柺费懹墙偺傛x馄懅摌鈡傪悷湩嗌帘偟y偄偔 偱偟x丅
僱僢僩R〖僋偺僆〖僶〖僿僢僪(TCP 傗 ATM丄僀〖僒僱僢僩)傛偭y丄儌僨L偑湩槰 嵽墙戃庐刨偑 10 20 % 屺偪傞偱偟x丅1500 Kbps 偱偺鲁 傜U 1100 1300 Kbps 镍刨偱昛偔鍆偄偡丅偙傟偑晬湩偺庐刨偱偡丅泴傒欫傒 S傒偺僾僩僐O偺僆〖僶〖僿僢僪傪漝腊偡傞涩懨偼偁傝偣傫丅偨丄僾僶僀僟 偑漵g偡傞庐刨傛傝僒〖J僗偺剂傪屺偟y偄傟U丄晹傪偟y傕偦傟鈻湝偼偁偑傝 偣傫丅 偨〗搀傗奡规偺墒剂丄偦傟傕x庐刨滦偟y读 傪涂偊傞懨朤偼嘎傝偔偁傝偡丅偦偺柺偼扩偱偒傞傕偺傕偁傝偡丅
鋛奶傜丄僨僼͙O僩偱僀儞僗僩〖O偟y偄傞 Linux 偱R搘漟墙偑偱傞偼偢偱偡丅 WIndows 9x 儐〖僓偼 TCP Receive Window (RWIN)傪笼傗偡偙偱粪庐刨偑 湝偑傝偡丅偟偟偙傟偼偁傝戃栆偑堜偝偡偓傞偨{弹偙傝偡丅僨僼͙O 僩偺栆偑 32 KB 偱偁傞 Linux 丄偙傟偼偭偨偔碰y偼傝偣傫丅
焫殅偼丄她漟鲁偪偑弹偙傞崤孿偱偡丅偨偊U丄夺偔偁傞僾僶僀僟偺 鲁僀儞僩偑偢偭鍥扙偊偄傎偳偺觅变(250ms 鈻湝乆)傪嫨偟y偄傞 傜丄 TCP Window 傪笼傗偡偔傞傕偟傟偣傫丅TCP Receive Window 傗 偦傟馄懅偟偨祸奰偮偄y偼丄 http://www.psc.edu/networking/perf_tune.html 傪y偔偩偝偄丅
Receive Window 偼僶僢僼傽偱丄僨〖E僼〖偺扩Œ舔堃偭y偄偡丅偙傟傪O旣 堜偝偔偡傞丄儃僩O僱僢僋Ñ偭y丄僗O〖僾僢僩偑你晍偟y偟偄偡丅偙偺 栆偼丄棭漚b觅变傛偭y焊曮偝傟偡丅觅变偼偁偨偑偔 奶奡偡傞椝缄偺QC儞僪ˇ僩P僢僾E僀L(RTT)偺巑栆偟y纷卢偱偒偡丅偙傟偼 ping傪鍥偭y卢擭偱偒偡丅偨偊U Linux 偺僨僼͙O僩偺栆偼 32 KB 偱偡偑丄偙傟偼庐刨偱 2 Mbps 偱滦鄗偱偒丄觅变偼 125ms 镍刨㑤傝偡丅 偙傟偑 1.0 Mbps 傜U丄觅变偼 250ms Ñ傞偱偟x丅偙偺栆傪偁傝络偒偔偟 檈偓傞丄僗O〖僾僢僩偑拕屺偪y偟偄偡丅偱偡傜偙傟鈻湝偼络偒偔偟偄 偱偔偩偝偄丅
焫傪偄偨偩偄偨僯儏〖l〖Q儞僪偺 Juha Saarinen 颊暷偟偡丅
tcp 偺僶僢僼傽傪湝缄宠扙偡傞偺丄"僱僢僩R〖僋悇(bandwidth delay product丅僄儞僪僀儞僩偺僷僀僾偺吕偝)"偄x撅樜缄烥 偑偁傝偡丅
喈喈喈Buffer size = Bandwidth (bits/s) * RTT (seconds)
讳偺崤孿偩丄晍傝偱偍傛偦 8 Mbps 偱偡丅偟偟 ATM 僱僢僩R〖僋偼 3.5 Mbps 偱偟鲁傪僒〖僩偟y偣傫丅讳偼僀儞E〖僱僢僩偺柺偱傕偼偢傟偨醡疤栱 偟y偄偡偑丄1,500 僶僀僩偄x峹洐络偒偝偺僷僢僩偱丄RTT 傪巑 250ms 偡傞偺 (3,500,000/8)*.25 = 106KB 偄x僶僢僼傽傪榏擭偡傞涩懨偑偁傝 偟偨(篓郝 128 KB 偱偟偨丅偙傟偱峹洐偱偡)丅
Receive Window 偼 /proc 僼傽僀O僔僗FL偱昛榏擭偱偒偡丅榏擭偟偨偄 僶僢僼傽偺络偒偝偺 2 潬偺栆傪掐蜗偡傞涩懨偑偁傝偡丅
#echo 262144 > /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default #echo 262144 > /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
湝扺偺焫偩丄湩p偼 128K 偄x栆傪榏擭偟y偄偡丅Send Window 傕偁傢偣y 榏擭偟y偄偡丅偟偟 Send Window 偼 DSL 鲁偍偄y Receive Window 傎偳 椆巢懨朤偼傝偣傫丅
#echo 262144 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default #echo 262144 > /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
偙傟傜偺栆偼 sysctl 傪鍥偭y傕榏擭偱偒偡丅man 傪y 偔偩偝偄丅
偦偺滳偟y丄僇〖僱O偺僆僾僔儑儞偱a偱偒傞栆偼晍扺偺奶傝偱偡(尐懨傕偺 偩偗偱偡)丅偙傟傛偭y搀傪偓傝偓傝僠儏〖僯儞僌偟偡丅
# sysctl -a net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 1 net.ipv4.ip_no_pmtu_disc = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 |
"僀儞EP〖僽"偼丄ADSL 偱 DMT 搀幩规步傪鍥偭偨崤孿扙偄傞 僄Q〖扩偺偟偔傒偱偡丅DMT 偼 ADSL 偺筛洁Ñ偭y偄y丄ADSL 偱庒傃媝偗y鋛@ 偟y偄傞偺悢彋偱偡丅僀儞EP〖僽偼丄DSLAM 湝偱椻偊慹偔奶奡僨〖E傪 僶僢僼傽P儞僌偟丄僄Q〖柠赖傪槰偄偡丅偙偺懹墙偼丄攔櫷偑b玛傪弹偙偟y 偟x傛x丄搉傜违傟偨搀偱润撅骖滹傪寯带偟偡丅晍傝偱偼偙偺僶僢僼傽 偑鲁湝醾浑偱偒偄镍觅变傪弹偙偟y偄偄偡丅偱偡傜偦傟傝 偺搀墒剂偱偁傞傜丄僀儞EP〖僽偼湩剂晹傕儊P僢僩偼偁傝偣傫偟丄 湩p偼鈉涩懨觅偔傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
僀儞EP〖僽偼僷Q儊〖E偱漝腊偱偒丄攔櫷幠壠偑铜骖偟偨傝醾骖偟偨傝 偱偒偡丅攔櫷幠壠偺傎傫偳偼丄僨僼͙O僩偱偼铜骖偟y偄傞傛x偱偡丅 偦x偡傞偙偱搀傪墱擭偝偣丄F僋僯僇Oˇ僒〖僩傊偺攔櫷傪负傜偣傞傜偱偡丅 偟偟丄儐〖僓偡傋y偑丄偦偺沋㑤偭y偄傞偺偱偡丅
搀偑僀儞EP〖僽偟y偄傞偳x傪悷愮偟丄偨偦傟傪湐构偡傞偼 偳x偟偨傜偄偄偺偱偟x乆 办偼丄1 傕偟偔偼 2 N僢僾阾 滦偟y traceroute 傪偗傞 25ms 鈻柒镍刨傜丄僀儞EP〖僽偑醾骖 偭y偄傞Û偊y傎傏慹斒偄偄鍆偄偡丅 偟偟滳偺懨朤丄偨偊U湩p偳偺镍刨偺N僢僾眶偑偁傞偳x偄偭偨偙傕 偁傝偡丅慪碰偺偙傪氹傞偼丄攔櫷幠壠偺巊偔偟偁傝偣傫丅≈Tx 偼敀偟佷偱偟x丅
"FastPath" DMT偼丄"僀儞EP〖僽傪醾骖偡傞" 偙ÎÝ偠罢蹋偱偡丅傝庤偟偡偑丄偙傟偼 ADSL DMT 偺泴傒孿傢偣 偩偗碰y偼傝偡丅
戃偑偭偨偔傟偭偨傝丄鲁偑傞偱偱偒偭偨傜丄偙偺僙僋僔儑儞傪 敂傫偱偔偩偝偄丅儌僨L偺艰傝胺偄棱汤崱傪敂傫偱丄儌僨L偺 LED 偑晹傪嶳偟y 偄傞偺傪悷愮偟y偔偩偝偄(儌僨L偺驴偔偼丄乐僆儗儞l办咖偱奺偭y偄傞 偙偱丄戃偟y偄偄偙傪嶳偟y偄偡)丅
儌僨L偺戃傪嶳偡 LED 偑涡㑤偭偨偙偑偄丅
极洐偱榏栱傪偟偨崤孿丄DSL l儍僢僋傗僗僾P僢E偺嬟偑偍偟偄偙偑偊 傜傟偡丅偨嵽墙漟偟y攔櫷幠壠偺筛洁 POTS 僨僶僀僗斒偭偨嬟ђ 偭y偄傞偙傕偊傜傟偡丅湝扺傪渏媬偟y偔偩偝偄丅
儌僨L偼 Linux 滦鄗澜墒偱偡乆 僀〖僒僱僢僩偑僀儞E僼僃〖僗傜丄b玛偼弹偙傜 偄偼偢偱偡丅偟偟 PCI 傗 USB 儌僨L偺崤孿丄戃偡傞偼僪Q僀僶偑涩懨㑤傞 鍆偄偡丅偙偺Y偑x偔昛岒偟偄晅朤㑤偭y偄y丄偄偩 PCI 傗 USB 儌僨L 偑 Linux 滦鄗偟y偄偄统Ñ偭y偄偡丅
僾僶僀僟懅晚偟y搀偑洁煭偱偒y偄傞悷愮偟y偔偩偝偄丅偑傊傪 偡傞偺偼傛偔偁傞偙偱偡丅悷愮偺偨{P儌〖僩傜搀偺F僗僩傪槰偊傞 鍆偄偡丅DSLAM 偑僟C儞偟y偄傞偙傕P儌〖僩傜悷愮嵽墙偱偡丅攔櫷幠壠 偼峹洐镜氹偟y偄傞偼偢偱偡丅
儌僨L偺攔僐〖僪傪媝偄y丄殐偭y偄傞l儍僢僋傜 DSL 僐〖僪傪 媝偄y偔偩偝偄丅偦傟傪 NID(攔櫷儃僢僋僗偺殅婶)柒婶偁傞F僗僩扙 l儍僢僋赁偟y偔偩偝偄丅攔傪艰傞偺丄变曟僐〖僪偑涩懨㑤傞傕 偟傟偣傫丅办枼柒婶(吗柒)偺攔櫷傊偺嬟偑猁傟偡丅偙x偡傟U丄 柒婶偺嬟傗堬摕偳偺b玛傪搀闰偡傞偺骖滹偑偁傞偼偢偱偡丅NIC 鲁偡傞僀〖僒僱僢僩ˇ〖僽O偺F僗僩傪槰x偺碰偨偭y丄鲁偡傞涩懨 偼偁傝偣傫(偙傟偼僀〖僒僱僢僩ˇ儌僨L偩偗碰y 偼傝偡)丅儌僨L偼〖僽O偑偮偑偭y偄偔傕x偔戃偱偒偡 (≈Tx偼敀偟佷偱偡)丅偟偟傕偟嵽墙傜丄僔僗FL傪儌僨L偺觉轮偑 傜傟傞偙傠败昛偟y丄(嵽墙傜丄偦偙偱)戃庐刨傪卢偭y偔偩偝偄丅 偙傟偱昛偗U丄湗傜偔柒婶偺嬟ђ晹傜偺b玛偑偁傞丄DSL 偺ђ攔扥 闯媱偑弹偙偭y偄傞Û偊傜傟偡丅僗僾P僢E殐榏栱偟y偁傞l儍僢僋 偺鲁傪悷愮偟y偔偩偝偄丅僗僾P僢E傪榏栱偟y偄偄傜丄嬟偑偍偟 醡傗l儍僢僋偡傋y偺鈉恶孿偺偁傞(偨偊U慑歖偟y偄傞 偙傠)Y丄偍偟孿Y丄傕偟偔偼风懀儅僀僋僼傿OE傪椧偟y嫨偟y 偔偩偝偄丅
湝扺偺F僗僩偱戃偟偭偨傜丄搀偑洁煭偝傟y偄偄丄儌僨L偑 愪傟y偄傞丄DSLAM 偑屺偪y偄傞偺偳傟偱偡丅PCI USB 儌僨L偼丄 戃偡傞偼僪Q僀僶傪〖僪偟y偍偔涩懨偑偁傝偡丅偙x偄x傢偗偱 偙偺F僗僩偼傗傗檾壴㑤偭y偟偄偡丅
儅僀僋僼傿OE傪榏栱偟y偄傞傜丄办枼艰傝揳偭y丄偁傢偣y FAX n偺 攔櫷幠壠偺僨僶僀僗傪偡傋y媝偄y偔偩偝偄丅儅僀僋 僼傿OE偑愪傟y偄y丄搀偑僔儑〖僩偟y偄傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
偙偙偱b玛Ñ傞_觉偼丄NIC 偑愮媫偱偒偄丄傕偟偔偼儌l儏〖O偑〖僪 偱偒偄丄ifconfig 偑僀儞E僼僃〖僗傪X僢僾偱偒偄n丄 偦偺滳傕傠傕傠偺僄Q〖偮偄y偱偡丅
BIOS 偺僾Q僌仩僾儗僀傪醾骖偟y偔偩偝偄丅BIOS 湝偱偼丄"Microsoft 鈻殅偺 OS" 傕偟偔偼丄偦傟击偨嶳晬㑤偭y偄傞鍆偄偡丅NIC 偑 IRQ 0 H傝溗傜傟y偄傞崤孿傕偙偺_觉㑤傞崤孿偑偁傝偡丅"resource temporarily unavailable" 偄x儊僢僙〖l傪嶳绩偡傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
cat /proc/interrupts 掐蜗偟y丄IRQ 偺顶孿傪 僠僃僢僋偟y偔偩偝偄丅NIC 偑 IRQ 傪揅铜偟y偄傞傜丄帢偺僗僢僩败偡丄 BIOS 偱 IRQ 偺榏擭傪偄偠偭y偔偩偝偄丅ISA 僇〖僪傜儊〖僇〖傜僙僢僩 X僢僾ˇ儐〖F傿PF傿傪缄掐傟傞涩懨偑偁傞傕偟傟偣傫丅偦傟傪鍥偭y IRQ 傪榏擭偟y偔偩偝偄丅偙偺儐〖F傿PF傿傪鍥x偼丄DOS 偱僽〖僩偡傞 涩懨偑偁傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
傂偭偡傞丄赖偟偄儌l儏〖O偑〖僪偱偒y偄偄傕偟傟偣傫丅 /usr/src/linux/Documentation/* 偁傞僇〖僱Oˇ 僜〖僗烧掳偡傞僪@儏儊儞僩傪敂傫偱丄鍥扙偟y偄傞僇〖僪傕偟偔偼 僠僢僾僙僢僩偮偄y漝傋y偔偩偝偄丅偨 /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/*.c偼丄夵乿偺僠僢僾僙僢僩 偮偄y偺僐儊儞僩傗构峟澓憀偑偁傝偡丅氦偭偨偙Ò丄眶硷偺儌l儏〖O偑 漵g偝傟y偄傞僇〖僪偑偄偔偮偁傝偡丅 tulip 傗 3Com 偺僇〖僪碰y 偼傞傛x偱偡丅僽〖僩枼偺儊僢僙〖l傪y丄lspci -v 偱僇〖僱O偑僇〖僪傪偳x愮媫偟y偄傞傪y偔偩偝偄丅insmod 傗 rmmod丄modprobe 傪 鍥偭y偄傠偄傠儌l儏〖O傪F僗僩偱偒偡丅嫅偟偄澓憀偼丄偦傟偧傟偺 man 傪y偔偩偝偄丅
儊〖僇〖偺 Web 僒僀僩偱 Linux 馄懅偺僪@儏儊儞僩傪漝傋y偔偩偝偄丅傕偟偔偼丄 Donald Becker 偺 僒僀僩 http://www.scyld.com/network/ 偱澓憀傪徥{y偔偩偝偄丅
Linux 扙偺 NIC 僪Q僀僶偼丄儌l儏〖O偟偄悢偑x偔昛偔丄偄x 憀宩偑偁傝偡丅偡傢偪丄儌l儏〖O偟偄偱丄僐儞僷僀O偟y僇〖僱O 泴傒欫傫偱偟偄偡丅
偨僇〖僪傗僪Q僀僶偑偍偟偔y丄鈉漝偱偁傞偙傕偊傜傟偡丅滳偺僇〖僪 敻偟y傒y偔偩偝偄丅岝嶤偱岝漟墙僇〖僪偼涩懨偄偙傕烧偗嵸偊y 偍偒偡丅
偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偼丄儌僨L偑戃偟丄NIC 偑愮媫偱偒丄悷昛岒偟y偄傞偙傪 悷愮偟y偄y丄偮僋Q僀X儞ˇ僜僼僩C僃X傪僀儞僗僩〖O偟y晹傕僄Q〖偑 嫨y偄偄偺傕傢傜偢丄ISP 傊鲁偑偱偒偄崤孿敂傫偱偔偩偝偄丅 LED 偱湩p儌僨L偺戃偑艰傟y偄傞傪Y晜偟y偔偩偝偄丅IP 鲁偑愞 偟偨偙偼丄ifconfig 偱X僋F傿僽 eth0 僀儞E僼僃〖僗 (傕偟偔偼 PPPoX 扙偺 ppp0 僀儞E僼僃〖僗)偑嶳绩偝傟偄偙偱傢傝偡丅 傕偟偔偼丄ping 傪僎〖僩C僃僀傗晹虑偮丄 'network unreachable' 傗击偨傛x儊僢僙〖l傪嶳绩 偟偡丅
ISP 偑晹偺僾僩僐O傪鍥偭y偄傞傪悷湩娣偟y偔偩偝偄丅DHCP 傗 PPPoX 傪鍥偭y偄偡乆 慹斒偄偔榏擭偟y偄傞偙偑络猁偱偡丅F僋僯僇Oˇ 僒〖僩懅晚偡傞涩懨偑偁傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
DHCP 傪鍥偭y偄傞傜丄ISP 偼 MAC X僪儗僗傛傞愮傪涩懨偟偡丅 傕偟偦x傜丄赖偟偄X僪儗僗㑤偭y偄偡乆 ISP 傕偟偔偼极洐偑虑偪 慹斒偄傪偟y偄偣傫乆 ISP 偑N僗僩叹傛傞愮傪涩懨偟y偄偣傫乆 偙傟偼丄"-h" 偄x僆僾僔儑儞傪偮偗y僐儅儞僪傪虑yU傢傝 偡丅
/var/log/messages 傪樼偄y丄晹舔堃偪偦x缄偑傝 偑偄傪y偔偩偝偄丅偨丄鲁傪偼偠{傛x偡傞枼 tcpdump 傪昛偟y偔偩偝偄丅tcpdump 偺嫨蜗偼傝 婏{偄y偄偡偑丄晹傜偺瓤鄗偑偁傞梕偼檉们偱偒傞偼偢偱偡丅
PPPoX 傜丄ISP 偼 ID 偟y 儐〖僓叹丄 儐〖僓叹@僪儊僀儞叹傪鍥偭y偄偣傫乆
僨僼͙O僩ˇ僎〖僩C僃僀偺X僪儗僗 ping 傪偗y傒y偔偩偝偄丅 僨僼͙O僩ˇ僎〖僩C僃僀傪偮偗傞偼≈route -n佷 偟y偔偩偝偄丅IP X僪儗僗(偨偊U 111.222.333.444 偺傛x)偱 ping 偼偱偒傞偑丄N僗僩叹偱偼偱偒偄崤孿偼丄僱〖Lˇ僒〖僶傪 /etc/resolv.conf 偱赖偟偔榏擭偟y偄偄嵽墙漟偑 偁傝偡丅
PPPoE 偮偄y偼 PPPoE 僋Q僀X儞僩偱僀〖僒僱僢僩偺僀儞E僼僃〖僗傪 X僢僾偟y偔偩偝偄丅僽〖僩枼偼X僢僾偟偄偱偔偩偝偄丅PPPoE 偑弹昛偡傞 涟偼僨僼͙O僩偺暒烯偑疯偟y赂哼偡傞偙偑偄傛x偟y偔偩偝偄丅 rp-pppoe 偺崤孿丄/etc/ppp/options 晹傕扺揭偑偄 傛x偟y偔偩偝偄丅岒荚偱偁傞 David Skoll 偑a偟y偄偡丅
僼傽僀X〖C〖O(偨偊U ipchains 傪鍥偭偨)傪昛偟y偄傞傜丄办枼 屺偟y偔偩偝偄丅榏擭偑慹斒偭y偄偨傝丄晹傕僷僢僩傪奶偟y偄偄傕 偟傟偣傫丅
儌僨L傪 ISP 鈻殅偺偙傠傜关掐偟偨傜丄搘孿偟y偄偄儌僨O傕偟傟 偣傫丅偨偊U SDSL 偼 SDSL 儌僨L偑涩懨偱偡丅偨 ADSL 偮偄y偼丄 CAP DMT 幩规步懹墙偑涩懨偱丄偙傟傜偼滳偺 DSL 崅漟偑偁傝偣傫丅
儌僨L偼 ISP 偑漵g偡傞僒〖J僗孿傢偣y榏擭偡傞涩懨偑偁傞傕偟傟 偣傫丅儌僨L偼 VCI 傗 VPI丄僇僾僙P儞僌n偮偄y偺榏擭偑嵽墙㑤偭y 偄偡丅 F僋僯僇Oˇ僒〖僩攔櫷偟y丄澓憀傪评y偔偩偝偄丅鋛奶儌僨L偺榏擭偼 telnet Web 僽QC僓傪鍥偭y丄儌僨L偺 IP X僪儗僗偮偄偱槰偄偡丅
偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偼丄鲁偼x偔偄偭偨傕偺偺戃偑傟偭偨傝丄戃偑 们鲁猁傟偨傝丄戃庐刨偑澶偟偔屺偪y偟偭偨傝丄"戃偼偟y偄傞偑 僀儞E〖僱僢僩傪扙偱偒偭偨傝"丄偄偭偨崤孿敂傫偱偔偩偝偄丅 (岝櫜儌僨L偱偁傟U丄戃庐刨傪绩偡懹墙傪积偭y偄偡偟丄鋛奶偼 telnet 傗 Web 僽QC僓傪鍥偭y悷愮偱偒偡丅儅僯儏XO傪y偔偩偝偄)丅
戃偑猁傟傞晬Y偼 DSLAM 搀(吗柒殅傕)傕偟偔偼儌僨Lb玛偑偁傞崤孿 寯栏偟偡丅DSLAM 偼办"僇〖僪"傪檾眶偺"僗僢僩 "掐傟傞傛x㑤偭y偄偡丅偨偊U丄Alcatel DSLAM 僇〖僪偼僇〖僪 Q疤鲁傪 4 搀偱偒傞傛x㑤偭y偄偡丅僇〖僪偑偍偟偔傞 R络 4 儐〖僓偑幥巢傪幥傝偡丅僀儞僩偼丄戃偑猁傟傞娞俱偑润撅嘎傜傟偨 认骐偺傕偺偱偁傞偙偱偡丅媩认骐儐〖僓㏸读偑嫨傞僱僢僩R〖僋俱巢偼 樝傝偡丅戃偺b玛偼攔櫷幠壠偺b玛偱偁傝丄ISP 偼馄斊偁傝偣傫丅 僒〖J僗杊銩傪 ISP 冯傫偱偄傞傜丄攔櫷幠壠僐儞E僋僩偑艰傟傞 ISP 偺么碰荚僐儞E僋僩傪偭y偔偩偝偄丅 ≮忦灭丯 DSLAM 偺僇〖僪偼丄偙傫 朩 偱偡≯
戃庐刨偑你晍偟偨傝丄DSL 偺奡规偑猁们偟偨傝偡傞〖僗偼丄撛乿b玛傪錃偒 弹偙偟偡丅偦偺傛x觉轮偱偼R岝庐刨傪评傞偙偼偳x傗偭y傕醾偱偟x丅 偟偟偦偺_觉偑极洐娄偺b玛偺丄僾僶僀僟娄偺丄偼偭偒傝偟y偄傞 傢偗偱偼偁傝偣傫丅
偨偊U丄吗柒偺嬟ў鲁偑偄偄偘傫傜僷僢僩偑屺偪y偟偄丄峗棳偑弹偙偭y 偟偄偡丅偙x傞湩p僗O〖僾僢僩偑屺偪丄鲁偑你晍偟y偟偄偡丅 偙傟偼僱僢僩R〖僋偺b玛偟y骄V傜赂哼偟y偄傞僷僢僩ˇ僗Û偊偑偪 偱偡偑丄DSL 偍偄y偼搀鈉傗奡规负筷丄傕偟偔偼儌僨L极挛偺b玛傛偭y 弹偙傞嵽墙漟偑偁傝偡丅
妶偟y傒偨悢偑偄偄偙傪偄偔偮丅
儌僨L偺攔僗僀僢僠傪猁偭y丄偡掐傟栘偟y偔偩偝偄丅攔儃E儞傕偟偔偼 僗僀僢僠傪猁偭y丄殐偺l儍僢僋鲁偟y偄傞〖僽O傪媝偄y 30 H镍偍偄 偄y偔偩偝偄丅枼慹偑偨偭偨傜攔傪掐傟y丄l儍僢僋赁偟偍偟y偔偩偝偄丅 偙傟偱动扩峗戃偟偡丅PCI 儌僨L偺攔傪屺偡偼丄偁偄偔P僽〖僩 偡傞偟缄偑偁傝偣傫丅偙傟偱儌僨L弹朤偡傞"戃偼偡傞偑丄 僀儞E〖僱僢僩傪扙偱偒偄"偄x觉搇偑娣疯偡傞傕偟傟偣傫丅 滳偺觉搇偱傕撛栘傞傕偟傟偣傫丅
儌僨L傜晹傜偡傋y傪 NID 败昛偟y丄吗柒偺嬟偡傋y傪昢搀偡傞傜丄 湝扺偺僙僋僔儑儞傪y偔偩偝偄丅 觉搇偑偙傟偱嗌帘偟偨傜丄b玛偼吗柒偺偳偙偁傝偡丅嗌帘偟偄傜攔櫷 幠壠偺b玛偱偡丅
RFI 瀓傝〗DSL 偼滳傜读傪减偗傗偡偄奡规偱偡丅读傪涂偊傞傕偺偑润撅 偨偔偝傫偁傝偡丅RFI(Radio Frequency Interference)偼丄极吗傗僆僼傿僗 偁偨傝偊赂哼偟y偄y丄奡规动刨傪{偨傝丄戃傪们鲁猁们偟偨傝丄 戃庐刨傪屺偟偨傝偡傞晅朤㑤傝偡丅偙傟傪词QF僗僩偡傞偼 AM Ql僆 偑鍥偊偡丅偳偙偒傟偄减奡偱偒傞搉僠儏〖僯儞僌偟y偔偩偝偄丅偳偙偱 傕偄偣傫丅AM Ql僆偼 RFI 傪晜嫨偱偒偡丅偦傟偼 AM Ql僆偑 DSL 偺奡规Ý偠傛xR侨眶傪鍥偭y偄傞傜偱偡丅RFI 偑偁傞"V〖僐儞 傪咧{傞"傛x偑偡傞觉轮㑤傝偡丅僐儞僺儏〖E偺攔刘栱 夺偯偗y傒y偔偩偝偄丅偠傛x觉轮㑤傞偼偢偱偡丅昸偞偗傞偡 巊偙偊偔傝偡丅偙傟偱 RFI 偱寯栏偡傞偑偳偺傛x傕偺傢傞 鍆偄偡丅 傕墒剂偺攔刘栱偼丄W刨偺 RFI 偟偍偙偝偄偼偢偱偡〗b玛傪弹偙 偝偄镍刨偱偡丅僈僀僈〖ˇ僇C儞E〖偺傛xQl僆傪儌僨L傗 DSL 偺嬟偺 偦U积偭y偄偭y偔偩偝偄丅偠觉搇㑤傟U晅朤傪椧偟y偔偩偝偄丅缠偟偄 傕偺偼丄攔刘栱傗湐埫达丄墱擭达丄攔扥儌〖E〖丄漝奺僗僀僢僠丄岝摉刨 媬汤偱偡丅儌僨L傪败昛偟丄〖僽O偺嬟傪栘偣U峹洐偱偡丅儌僨L 殐偺l儍僢僋偺慹傪偱偒傞偩偗夺偔偡傞偺傕偄嶫偱偡丅 ≮忦灭丯ADSL 偺扙R侨眶偼丄湝傝悢晍傝悢偱樝傝偡丅湝傝偼銩 30 140kHz 偱偡丅晍傝偼 G.lite偑 550kHz丄僼O儗〖僩 銩 1104 kHz偱扙偟y 偄偡≯
她漟戃偑偍偟偔傞b玛偼丄偨偄y偄搀偺偳偙b玛偑偁傝偡丅 偨偩Q鲁婶洐偑偄偄偘傫偱丄偍偟崤醡傪偮偗偝偊偡傟U丄词Q 栘偣傞崤孿傕偁傝偡丅偙傟偼攔櫷幠壠偺掚傟偨摌鈡偼偍傛偦椝悇傟偄 觉搇偑傎傫偳偱偡丅僾僶僀僟b偄孿傢偣傪偟y偔偩偝偄丅涩懨偑偁傟U 铭谦偮偭偮偄y偔偩偝偄丅偨傜偄搀偟㑤偭偨傜丄么碰偱偼偔湝峜傪 钙傃嫨偟偟x丅
DSL 傪扙偱偒傞调违偓傝偓傝偺疤栱偄y丄戃偑猁傟偨傝丄偮偑偭偨傝 偡傞傜丄"N〖LˇQ儞" 偺榏栱傪槰偭y傒y偔偩偝偄丅湝扺傪y偔偩偝偄丅偙傟偼奡规傗戃偺孈凤偑 嘎肠夺偄崤孿骖滹偑偁傝偡丅
僒〖lˇ僾ԙF僋E傪鍥偭y偄傞傜丄偦傟傪殅偟y傒y偔偩偝偄丅DSL 偺奡规 ㏸读傪涂偊傞傕偺傕偁傝偡丅
夺醡偁傞 AM Ql僆搉傗鈉彋X儅僠儏X醾傪偟y偄傞傕偺傕击偨傛x R侨眶傪胺偭y偄傞偺偱丄奦读傪减偗傞偙偑偊傜傟偡丅办媰偺柒偱傕 偁傞搀眶偩偗b玛傪弹偙偡崤孿偑偁傝偡丅偨偊U搉偑屉㑤偭y嫨蜗傪湝偘偨傝 偡傞崤孿偳偑偊傜傟偡丅DSL 摌鈡偑掚傟偨攔櫷幠壠傜丄偙偺b玛傪R堜嘎 偡傞偙偑偱偒傞鍆偄偡丅〖僗僶僀〖僗偱偡偑丅
偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偼鲁偼偱偒y偄傞偑丄僗O〖僾僢僩偑嫨偄b玛傪竖偊y偄傞 崤孿敂傫偱偔偩偝偄丅偮傝杊銩偟y偄傞J僢僩儗〖僩滦偟y丄偦傟 孿偭偨僗O〖僾僢僩偑嫨y偄偄崤孿傗攔櫷搉傜偺调违偑偁傞崤孿碰y偼 傝偡丅偙偙偱偄x"僱僢僩R〖僋"偼丄WAN 傪夞偟偡〗ISP 偺僎〖僩C僃僀Ø〖僇O偺僒僽僱僢僩傕偟偔偼僶僢僋儃〖儞n偺慹傪夞偟偡丅 嘎肠夺偄搀偼戃庐刨偑屺偪y偟x偙傪傟偄偱偔偩偝偄丅偙傟偼 僗O〖僾僢僩傕读傪涂偊偡丅湝扺傪y 偔偩偝偄丅
"觅变""僷僢僩ˇ僗"偑椧偟滇{y偄傞 2 偮偺 懨朤偱偡丅堁荚傕 ping 傗 traceroute 偄偭偨筛洁鍥傢傟傞僱僢僩R〖僋ˇH〖O傪鍥偊U傝词Q纷卢偱偒偡丅 偳偪傜偑搀湝偱弹偙偭偨偟y傕丅僷僼〖儅儞僗㏸读傪涂偊偡丅觅变偼 "瓤鄗偺楁偝"傗"偪枼慹"傪罢蹋偟偡丅晬湩偼丄 O旣觅变偑弹偙偭y偄傞崤孿E〖僎僢僩傪碰y偡丅 偄x偺傕丄驴寈偺觅变偼撅赂哼偟y偄傞傜偱偡丅僷僢僩ˇ僗偼丄椝缄 毗洎偡傞偱偺偳偙偱僷僢僩偺僨〖E偑屺偪y偟x偙偱偡丅TCP/IP 偼 僷僢僩偑"屺偪偨"偙偑傢傞丄屺偪偨僨〖E傪峗棳偟偡丅 偙傟偑弹偙傟U丄湩p汤傜觅偔偭y偟偄偡丅僷僢僩ˇ僗偼鳞 偼 0 % 偱偁傞偼偢偱偡丅
媰撅鍥偭y偄傞 WAN 娄偺暒烯偼丄媟懨偱偁傞偒偪傫愮媫偡傞涩懨偑偁傝偡丅 traceroute 傪樝傞僒僀僩偺偄偔偮偗y傒傟U丄偼偠{偺眶"N僢僾 "偼偠傛x偱偁傞偙偑傢傞鍆偄偡丅偙傟偑 ISP 偺〖僇O 僶僢僋儃〖儞偱偁傝丄偦偺 ISP 偺湝堔僾僶僀僟傊偺僎〖僩C僃僀偱偡丅 偙偺凤偮偄y偺b玛偑晹偱偁傟丄偳偺僒僀僩滦偟y傕丄晹傪偁偨偑偟傛x 偟y傕丄偡傋y读傪减偗y偟偄偡丅
僷僢僩ˇ僗觅变偮偄y偼丄偢 ping 傪 2丄3 舱醡滦偟y槰偭y 傒偟x丅嵽墙傜寈偔傕樝傞 2丄3 舱醡丅偦x偡傟U丄僷僢僩ˇ 僗傗恳撅偱偄O旣觅变偑偮傞鍆偄偡丅
$ ping -c 12 -n www.linuxdoc.org PING www.linuxdoc.org (152.19.254.81) : 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=0 ttl=242 time=62.1 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=242 time=60.8 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=242 time=59.9 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=3 ttl=242 time=61.8 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=4 ttl=242 time=64.1 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=5 ttl=242 time=62.8 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=6 ttl=242 time=62.6 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=7 ttl=242 time=60.3 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=8 ttl=242 time=61.1 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=9 ttl=242 time=60.9 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=10 ttl=242 time=62.4 ms 64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=11 ttl=242 time=63.0 ms --- www.linuxdoc.org ping statistics --- 12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 59.9/61.8/64.1 ms |
湝扺偼b玛偑偄丄偛偔鋛奶偺焫偱偡(偙偺僒僀僩傊偺暒烯偼丄偁偨偺崤孿偼 湗傜偔偭偨偔樝傞偱偟x丅偟偨偑偭y冯滹傕偭偨偔樝偭y偄傞傕 偟傟偣傫)丅 觅偔傞傛x峫偱椼哼b玛偼偭偨偔偁傝偣傫丅晍扺偺焫偼b玛偑暍澶 偱偡丅
$ ping -c 20 -n www.debian.org PING www.debian.org (198.186.203.20) : 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=0 ttl=241 time=404.9 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=241 time=394.9 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=241 time=402.1 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=4 ttl=241 time=2870.3 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=7 ttl=241 time=126.9 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=12 ttl=241 time=88.3 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=13 ttl=241 time=87.9 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=14 ttl=241 time=87.7 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=15 ttl=241 time=85.0 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=16 ttl=241 time=84.5 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=17 ttl=241 time=90.7 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=18 ttl=241 time=87.3 ms 64 bytes from 198.186.203.20: icmp_seq=19 ttl=241 time=87.6 ms --- www.debian.org ping statistics --- 20 packets transmitted, 13 packets received, 35% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 84.5/376.7/2870.3 ms |
僷僢僩ˇ僗偑 35 % 傕偁傝偡丅偨QC儞僪僩P僢僾ˇE僀L傕撛 觅偔偭y偄偡丅偙偺焫傪偪偭漝傋傞傢傞傛x丄b玛Ñ傞僒僀僩 傊偺暒烯湝偼僶僢僋儃〖儞偺O〖E〖偑 13 夵偁傝偡丅偙傟偑晅朤偱偙偺僒僀僩 偑觅偔偭y偄偡偑丄偨偨偠傛xO〖E〖碰偨偭y偟偭偨崤孿偩偗丄 暒烯㏸读偑嫨偡丅慪碰b玛偺偼丄偄偮傕奶檈偡傞O〖E〖偱撛b玛偑 寯栏偟y偄傞偳x偄xY偱偡丅偙偺僎〖僩C僃僀傗 2 廭誊偺O〖E〖傕偦x 傕偟傟偣傫丅Q儞僟L僒僀僩傪联傫偱丄traceroute 傪鍥偭y偮偗嫨偟y偔偩偝偄丅
$ traceroute www.bellsouth.net traceroute to bellsouth.net (192.223.22.134), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets 1 adsl-78-196-1.sdf.bellsouth.net (216.78.196.1) 14.86ms 7.96ms 12.59ms 2 205.152.133.65 (205.152.133.65) 7.90ms 8.12ms 7.73ms 3 205.152.133.248 (205.152.133.248) 8.99ms 8.52ms 8.17ms 4 Hssi4-1-0.GW1.IND1.ALTER.NET (157.130.100.153) 11.36ms 11.48ms 11.72ms 5 125.ATM3-0.XR2.CHI4.ALTER.NET (146.188.208.106) 14.46ms 14.23ms 14.40ms 6 194.at-1-0-0.TR2.CHI2.ALTER.NET (152.63.65.66) 16.48ms 15.69ms 16.37ms 7 126.at-5-1-0.TR2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.0.213) 65.66ms 66.18ms 66.39ms 8 296.ATM6-0.XR2.ATL1.ALTER.NET (152.63.81.37) 66.86ms 66.42ms 66.40ms 9 194.ATM8-0.GW1.ATL3.ALTER.NET (146.188.233.53) 67.87ms 68.69ms 69.63ms 10 IMVI-gw.customer.ALTER.NET (157.130.69.202) 69.88ms 69.25ms 69.35ms 11 www.bellsouth.net (192.223.22.134) 68.74ms 69.06ms 68.05ms |
R偺N僢僾偼僎〖僩C僃僀偱偡丅湩p偼Rǘ傜 2 N僢僾偼撅 偠偱丄Rǘ傜 3丄4 N僢僾偼偨偄y偄偠偱偡丅偮傝丄偳偺 b玛偱偁偭y傕丄偳偙傪憉傟偨偟y傕b玛偑弹偙傝评偡(偁偨极偺泼擭 偺b玛偼偙偺焫偼驴寈斒偭y偄傞傕偟傟偣傫)丅"奶撅偺" 僎〖僩C僃僀傊偺 ping 偼丄晍扺偺奶傝偱偡(讳偭y偼偙傟偑鋛奶偱偡—)丅
$ ping -c 12 -n 216.78.196.1 PING 216.78.196.1 (216.78.196.1) : 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.6 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=15.4 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=15.0 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=15.2 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=15.3 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=15.4 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=15.0 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=14.7 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=16.2 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=14.8 ms --- 216.78.196.1 ping statistics --- 12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 14.6/15.1/16.2 ms |
斒x媰弹偙偭偨偠僎〖僩C僄傿偱偺b玛偼晍扺偺奶傝偱偡丅
$ ping -c 12 -n 216.78.196.1 PING 216.78.196.1 (216.78.196.1) : 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=20.5 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=22.0 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=21.8 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=32.0 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=21.7 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=42.0 ms 64 bytes from 216.78.196.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=26.8 ms --- adsl-78-196-1.sdf.bellsouth.net ping statistics --- 12 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 41% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 20.5/25.6/42.0 ms |
41 % 偺僷僢僩ˇ僗偼丄润撅岝偄栆偱丄HTTP 偺傛x僒〖J僗傪 偨偔偝傫湝偘y偄傞偙傠偱偼丄樆脸屺偪y偟偄偡丅僒〖J僗偑昛偄y偄偨 偟y傕丄y傕觅偔傝偡丅
湩p弹偙偭偨偙偺焫傪傞丄僎〖僩C僃僀偺漝奃偑奦偄偺偩Î鍆偄偨偔傝偡丅 偟偟傆偨傪樼偗y傞丄攔櫷幠壠偺僱僢僩R〖僋偺 DSLAM ATM 婶洐b玛偑 偁傝偟偨丅偟偨偑偭y僷僢僩ˇ僗傗络偒觅变偑傕x 1 N僢僾誊偺b玛偼丄 湩p偼R偺N僢僾偨偳傝缅偔鈻涟寯栏偟y傞崤孿偑偁傝偊偡丅偙偺b玛傪 猁傝洐偗傞偺舔堃偮H〖O偼偁傝偣傫丅僷僢僩ˇ僗偼 ISP 傗 NSP Ý撛丄 攔櫷幠壠偺b玛偱傕偁傝评偡丅
偨儌僨L极偑僷僢僩ˇ僗傪弹偙偡嵽墙漟傕峹洐偁傝评偡丅偙偺崤孿偼丄 儌僨L偺攔傪掐傟栘偟y丄DSL 偺鲁傪 30 H镍屺偟y傜峗戃偟y傒y 偔偩偝偄丅偮傝鲁湝偁傞偳偺崤醡〗儌僨L傗 DSLAM丄ATM 僱僢僩R〖僋〗 偱偁偭y傕僷僢僩ˇ僗偼弹偙傝评偡丅
ISP 湝偺僱僢僩R〖僋b玛傪寯偟偨傜丄F僋僯僇Oˇ僒〖僩b玛Y傪 憀宩偟y偔偩偝偄丅
壴驴偙傪偄偔偮丅
〖僪偱偒偄 Web 僒僀僩偑偄偔偮偁傞丅偙傟偼 PPPoX 傪鍥偭y偄傞儐〖僓偑丄MTU 栆傪偁傝傕络偒偔偟y偄傞崤孿 弹偙傝偡丅 PPP0 僨僶僀僗偺搘赖栆偼 1492 偱偡偑丄偦偺僒僀僩偨偳傝缅偔偱 奶檈偡傞偡傋y偺O〖E〖偑丄偦傟傛傝寈偔傕 8 僶僀僩堜偝偄栆傪涩懨 偟y偄偡丅偳偙偺O〖E〖偑榏擭傪慹斒偭y偄傟U丄偙偺b玛嫨偔傢 偟偡丅妶偟 MTU 栆傪堜偝偔偟y傒y偔偩偝偄丅偦偺 LAN 鲁偟y偄傞 N僗僩偼偦傟傛傝傕堜偝偄栆〗1452 傕偟偔偼 1412 偡傞涩懨偑偁傞傕 偟傟偣傫丅
IP X僪儗僗偱 ping 傪虑偮ßb玛偄偑丄N僗僩叹傪 虑偮偍偟偄崤孿丅偙傟偼 /etc/resolv.conf 偁傞僱〖Lˇ僒〖僶偺榏擭偑慹斒偭y偄偡丅僋Q僀X儞僩(DHCP, PPPoX)偺 僪@儏儊儞僩傪漝傋y丄F@僗僩ˇ僄僨傿E偱栘饯赖偟y偔偩偝偄丅ISP 傜 DNS 僒〖僶偺赖偟偄X僪儗僗傪傕傜偭y偔偩偝偄丅
PPPoX 偑猁傟傞丅PPPoX 偺鲁偑鉁奦偔猁傟偑偪 傝偡丅PPP 偼搀觉搇焊曮偝傟傗偡偔丄们鲁鲁偑猁傟傞冯滹 傝偡丅偙傟偼晹偑b玛偱丄偳偙偱寯栏偟y偄傞傪樆偒贿{傟U丄 帔娣疯偱偒偡丅帢乿偺僋Q僀X儞僩傜妶偟y傒傞丄晬觉偺僋Q僀 X儞僩烧掳偺僪@儏儊儞僩偱偙偺b玛傪漝傋y傒y傕偄偄鍆偄偡丅觉搇 偑偝傜奦步偡傞傛x偱偁傟U丄涩懨傜 cron 偺l儑僽傪偟偗y丄鲁 峗鲁傪帗浑偟y偔偩偝偄丅
统傕偔僀儞E僼僃〖僗傗暒烯偑僟C儞偟y偟x丅 ifconfig 傗 route傪鍥x丄僀儞E 僼僃〖僗傗暒烯澓憀偑偳x偄x傢偗媣偊y偟x傜丄偦傟偼僶僌偭偨 NIC 偺 僪Q僀僶偺偣偄偱偡丅DHCP 僒〖僶偑曟枼慹傢偨偭y鄗斸傪庤偝偄崤孿傕 撛晬Y偑弹偙傝偡(僋Q僀X儞僩偺僶僌乆 鍆偭偨偺偼丄Redhat 傜嫨偨 pump 偺戃僶〖l儑儞偱偙偺傛x〖僗偑偁偭偨傜偱偡)丅
僷僼〖儅儞僗傗僄Q〖偑帅偟偔偄(偨偊U rht0 偺)崤孿偼丄湗傜偔链婇媟丄 婇媟偺鈉腊孿偑偁傞鍆傢傟偡丅DSL 儌僨L傗O〖E〖偺络偼丄奶撅婇媟 榏擭偟y偁偭y丄NIC 傕撛㑤偭y偄傞偼偢偱偡丅
嵆乿偑偢偼偠{偡傞F僗僩偺 1 偮庐刨纷卢偑偁傝偡丅偙傟傛偭y丄鳞 偟y偄偨傛傝偨偄偟偨偙偑偄偺丄僔僗FL偑峌漝偺傪悷愮偱偒偡丅 赖悷纷卢偡傞偺偼鍆偭偨傎偳傗偝偟偔偼偁傝偣傫丅偢丄僱僢僩R〖僋偱鍥扙 偡傞僾僩僐O偺僆〖僶〖僿僢僪偱丄10 傜 20 % 嫚栆傛傝觅偔傝偡丅 慪碰偳偺偔傜偄"觅偔傞"偼丄僾僶僀僟偺僱僢僩R〖僋麞歨 傛偭y樝傝偡丅偳偙偱丄偳偺傛x栆傪纷偭偨攂赂偟偡丅鋛奶偼丄10 20 % 傜偄㑤傝偡丅
僀儞E〖僱僢僩X僋僙僗偡傞丄N僢僾偑笼偊傞偛Ò傢偢偱偡偑僷僼〖儅儞僗 偑你晍偟y偄偡丅晬觉偦傟镍络偒读偼偄鍆偄偡丅统偼N僢僾眶偑 偦傟镍偱傕偭偨傝丄僐儞僺儏〖E偡傋y〗偁偨偺僔僗FL傗 ISP 偺僱僢僩 R〖僋丄湝堔偺 ISP 偺僾僶僀僟丄偦偟y鲁椝缄〗偑偡傋y缄掐傟偺槰偒晵偄偨 懹忢Ý偠傛x丄晹偺毁俱傕偔昛偄y偄偨傝偡傞嘎傝偼丅偟偟丄俱巢偑偁傟U 〗偦偺懨朤偑傣媟傕泴傒孿傢偝偭y偄傞偙傪丄偳x傗偭y娣偱偒傞偱偟x乆 暒烯湝偺O〖E偺偳傟刁昛鈉砍偺僀儞E僼僃〖僗偑 1 偮偱傕偁傟U丄疙偭偨冯滹 㑤偭y偟x傕偟傟偣傫丅
悷湩R络庐刨偑嫨傞偱偁傠x鲁阾偼丄嵸掐偟y偄傞 ISP〗ISP 偺僎〖僩C僃僀 偱偡丅偦偙傊办扥晍傟U偄偄偩偗偱丄敾傞偙偼偄傜偱偡丅 偮傝鳞F僗僩偼丄偱偒傞偩偗极吗傜夺偄偙傠偱偡丅 偙傟偼嵽墙嘎傝鳞偱偒偄懨朤偺眶乿傪艰傝嬤偗傞傜偱偡丅ISP 〖僇O 偺 ftp 僒〖僶偑偁傞傜丄F僗僩傪槰x椻峌偺崤醡㑤傝偡(traceroute 傪偗y丄慪碰〖僇O偺傪y偔偩偄)丅
ISP 偑 ftp 僒〖僶傪积偭y偄偄傜丄夺偔偁傞 ftp 僒僀僩傪玫偟y偔偩偝偄〗 N僢僾眶偑偱偒傞偩偗寈偄悢偑峌偟偄偱偡丅偨嵷僒〖僶傪偮偗y偔偩偝偄丅 偱偄偍偟冯滹㑤偭y偟偄偡丅络偒僼傽僀O傪偮偗y〗 10 MB 镍刨〗丄僟C儞〖僪枼慹傪纷偭y偔偩偝偄丅偙傟傪晹媰鲁偗y傒y偔偩偝偄丅 偨丄帢乿偺枼偱湩槰偟y傒y偔偩偝偄丅僒〖僶傗僶僢僋儃〖儞偼丄1 媰偺柺偱 偁傞枼g偟偄崤孿偑偁傝偡偺偱丅偙x偟偄丄冯滹偑偑傒丄搑纷懨朤傪 偱偒傞偩偗嫰嬤偡傞涩懨偑偱y偔傞傜偱偡丅僾僶僀僟偼丄僶僢僋儃〖儞偺 僩Q僼傿僢僋偑媟偄偙傗儃僩O僱僢僋丄觅偔y砷偑媟偄僒〖僶n滦偟y偼 瘦偟y偄偣傫丅
F僗僩偡傞僒僀僩偑偁偪偙偪欢哼偟y偄偡丅偄偙傠傕偁傝偡偑丄櫷洐 偟y偍偄y偔偩偝偄丅偁傝傕懨朤偑偨偔偝傫偁傞偨{丄F僗僩傛傞鲁傗 僗O〖僾僢僩偺偦偺崤偺纷卢栆偼赖悷偱偁傞偼T偊偣傫丅偙傟傜偺僒僀僩偱偼丄 偁偨偑偦x偁傞傋偒偩鍆偭y偄傞栆偺钓悇认骐偁傞丄偄偄偄x车懨 傪偮傓傜偄偼偱偒傞傕偟傟偣傫丅庐刨F僗僩偟y偍{偼丄http://www.dslreports.com/stest/0 http://speedtest.mybc.com/ 偑偁傝偡(堁悢傕 Java 偑涩懨偱偡)丅滳偺僒僀僩偺冯滹傛傝偼赖悷 偩鍆偄偡丅
偙偙偱傟y偼偄偗偄偺偼丄偍傛偦 10 % 20 % 偺僱僢僩R〖僋 湝偺僆〖僶〖僿僢僪偄x扩銩傪减偗傞偙偱偡丅焫傪湝偘y偍偒偡丅讳偺崤孿 偼丄1472 Kbps 偄x戃庐刨偑湝嘎偱偡丅偙偙傜偍傛偦 15 % 屺偪傞 1275 Kbps Ñ傝偡丅偙偺戃庐刨偼丄攔櫷搉傜 11,000 僼傿〖僩(銩 3,350 m) 偁傞偙傪偊傞峹洐庐刨偱丄湩p偼 1275 Kbps 偮傝偍偍傛偦 1.2 1.3 Mbps 偄x丄R络嘎偺僗O〖僾僢僩偑嫨y偄傞ÉT偭y傕偄偄鍆偄偡 〗滳偺孈凤偑偠傜U偱偡偑丅dslreports.com 偺庐刨F僗僩偼晍扺偺奶傝偱偡丅
Test running..Downloaded 60900bytes in 5918ms Downloaded 696000bytes in 4914ms First guess is 1133kbps fairly fast line - now test 2mb Downloaded 1679100bytes in 11090ms Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded Uploaded 1bytes in 211ms Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded Uploaded 1bytes in 205ms Upload got ok 1 bytes uploaded Uploaded 1bytes in 207ms Upload got ok 50000 bytes uploaded Uploaded 50000bytes in 2065ms Upload got ok 100000 bytes uploaded Uploaded 100000bytes in 3911ms ** Speed 1211(down)/215(up) kbps ** (At least 24 times faster than a 56k modem) Finish. |
1.211 Mbps 偄x栆偼丄僒〖J僗滦偟y晬湩戃偟y偄偨栆傎傏偠偱偡丅 偙偺冯滹滦偟y丄僩Q僽O僔儏〖F傿儞僌傗僠儏〖僯儞僌悢彋傪玫偟嫨偡扥偼偁傝 偣傫丅
暟宩———丯讳偑嵸掐偟y偄傞 ISP 偼 Web M〖l扙 @儍僢僔儏ˇ僾僋僔傪堃yy偄偡丅偙傟偼偙偺缄偺 Web V〖僗偺F僗僩偺冯滹 傪傜偟y偟偄偡丅傕偟偙傟偑偗傟U丄F僗僩偺冯滹偼汤傜觅偔偭y 偟偭偨偱偟x丅僾僋僔偑偁傞丄湩p偼僾僋僔傜偺僗O〖僾僢僩 傪F僗僩偟y偄傞偙Ò㑤偭y偟偄偡〗F僗僩僒僀僩偱偼偔丅渏偱丄 帢偺暟宩傪丅枼帢偺F僗僩僒僀僩傪纷卢偟偟偨偑丄 600 700 Kbps 偑僐儞僗E儞僩嫨偟偨丅偁丄〖僗僶僀〖僗偱偡偑(偄偮傕偼丄驴傟 寈傟丄偦傟偧傟偠傛x冯滹偑嫨y偄偡)丅2 偮偺樝傞僒僀僩傜络偒 僼傽僀O傪 ftp 偟y纷卢偟y偔偩偝偄丅讳偺崤孿偼丄銩 1.25 Mbps 偱偟偨丅